神经辐射场（NERF）在代表具有高分辨率细节和有效记忆的复杂3D场景方面取得了巨大成功。然而，当前基于NERF的姿势估计量没有初始姿势预测，并且在优化过程中易于局部优势。在本文中，我们介绍了纬度：全球定位，具有截短的动态低通滤波器，该过滤器引入了城市规模的NERF中的两阶段定位机制。在识别阶段，我们通过训练有素的NERFS生成的图像来训练回归器，该图像为全球本地化提供了初始值。在姿势优化阶段，我们通过直接优化切线平面上的姿势来最大程度地减少观察到的图像之间的残差和渲染图像。为了避免收敛到局部最优，我们引入了一个截短的动态低通滤波器（TDLF），以进行粗到细小的姿势注册。我们在合成和现实世界中评估了我们的方法，并显示了其在大规模城市场景中高精度导航的潜在应用。代码和数据将在https://github.com/jike5/latitude上公开获取。

Q-Learning，旨在以无模式的方式学习Markov决策过程（MDP）的最佳Q函数，位于加强学习的核心。当涉及到同步设置时（从每次迭代中从生成模型中从生成模型中汲取独立样本）时，已经对理解Q学习的样本效率进行了实质性进展。考虑一个$ \ gamma $ -discounted infinite-horizo​​ n mdp与状态空间$ \ mathcal {s} $和动作空间$ \ mathcal {a} $：要产生一个entrywise $ \ varepsilon $ - 最佳q函数的克制，最先进的Q-Learning理论需要超出$ \ FRAC {| \ Mathcal {s} || \ mathcal {a} || \ {（1- \ gamma）^ 5 \ varepsilon的示例大小^ {2}} $，它无法匹配现有的最低限度下限。这引起了自然问题：Q-Learning的急剧性复杂性是什么？是Q-Learning可怕的次优吗？本文为同步设置解决了这些问题：（1）当$ | \ mathcal {a} | = 1 $（使q学习减少到TD学习）时，我们证明了TD学习的样本复杂性是最佳的最佳和尺度为$ \ frac {| \ mathcal {s} |} {（1- \ gamma）^ 3 \ varepsilon ^ 2} $（最多到日志系数）; （2）当$ | \ mathcal {a} | \ geq 2 $时，我们解决了q-learning的样本复杂性，按$ \ frac {| \ mathcal {s} || \ mathcal {a} || } {（1- \ gamma）^ 4 \ varepsilon ^ 2} $（最多到日志系数）。我们的理论推出了Q-Leature的严格次优，当$ | \ mathcal {a} | \ geq 2 $，并严格严格估计在q-learning中的负面影响。最后，我们扩展了我们的分析以适应异步Q-Learning（即，与马尔可夫样本的情况），锐化其样本复杂性的地平线依赖性为$ \ frac {1} {（1- \ gamma）^ 4} $。

本文涉及增强学习的样本效率，假设进入生成模型（或模拟器）。我们首先考虑$ \ gamma $ -discounted infinite-horizo​​ n markov决策过程（mdps）与状态空间$ \ mathcal {s} $和动作空间$ \ mathcal {a} $。尽管有许多先前的作品解决这个问题，但尚未确定样本复杂性和统计准确性之间的权衡的完整图像。特别地，所有事先结果都遭受严重的样本大小屏障，因为只有在样本量超过$ \ FRAC {| \ Mathcal {S} || \ Mathcal {A} |} {（1- \ gamma）^ 2} $。目前的论文通过认证了两种算法的最小值 - 基于模型的算法和基于保守模型的算法的最小值，克服了该障碍 - 一旦样本大小超过$ \ FRAC {| \ Mathcal {s } || mathcal {a} |} {1- \ gamma} $（modulo一些日志系数）。超越无限地平线MDP，我们进一步研究了时代的有限情况MDP，并证明了一种基于普通模型的规划算法足以实现任何目标精度水平的最佳样本复杂性。据我们所知，这项工作提供了第一个最低限度的最佳保证，可容纳全部样本尺寸（超出哪个发现有意义的政策是理论上不可行的信息）。

面部检测是为了在图像中搜索面部的所有可能区域，并且如果有任何情况，则定位面部。包括面部识别，面部表情识别，面部跟踪和头部姿势估计的许多应用假设面部的位置和尺寸在图像中是已知的。近几十年来，研究人员从Viola-Jones脸上检测器创造了许多典型和有效的面部探测器到当前的基于CNN的CNN。然而，随着图像和视频的巨大增加，具有面部刻度的变化，外观，表达，遮挡和姿势，传统的面部探测器被挑战来检测野外面孔的各种“脸部。深度学习技术的出现带来了非凡的检测突破，以及计算的价格相当大的价格。本文介绍了代表性的深度学习的方法，并在准确性和效率方面提出了深度和全面的分析。我们进一步比较并讨论了流行的并挑战数据集及其评估指标。进行了几种成功的基于深度学习的面部探测器的全面比较，以使用两个度量来揭示其效率：拖鞋和延迟。本文可以指导为不同应用选择合适的面部探测器，也可以开发更高效和准确的探测器。

Deep learning models can achieve high accuracy when trained on large amounts of labeled data. However, real-world scenarios often involve several challenges: Training data may become available in installments, may originate from multiple different domains, and may not contain labels for training. Certain settings, for instance medical applications, often involve further restrictions that prohibit retention of previously seen data due to privacy regulations. In this work, to address such challenges, we study unsupervised segmentation in continual learning scenarios that involve domain shift. To that end, we introduce GarDA (Generative Appearance Replay for continual Domain Adaptation), a generative-replay based approach that can adapt a segmentation model sequentially to new domains with unlabeled data. In contrast to single-step unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), continual adaptation to a sequence of domains enables leveraging and consolidation of information from multiple domains. Unlike previous approaches in incremental UDA, our method does not require access to previously seen data, making it applicable in many practical scenarios. We evaluate GarDA on two datasets with different organs and modalities, where it substantially outperforms existing techniques.

The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.

As one of the prevalent methods to achieve automation systems, Imitation Learning (IL) presents a promising performance in a wide range of domains. However, despite the considerable improvement in policy performance, the corresponding research on the explainability of IL models is still limited. Inspired by the recent approaches in explainable artificial intelligence methods, we proposed a model-agnostic explaining framework for IL models called R2RISE. R2RISE aims to explain the overall policy performance with respect to the frames in demonstrations. It iteratively retrains the black-box IL model from the randomized masked demonstrations and uses the conventional evaluation outcome environment returns as the coefficient to build an importance map. We also conducted experiments to investigate three major questions concerning frames' importance equality, the effectiveness of the importance map, and connections between importance maps from different IL models. The result shows that R2RISE successfully distinguishes important frames from the demonstrations.

Compressed videos often exhibit visually annoying artifacts, known as Perceivable Encoding Artifacts (PEAs), which dramatically degrade video visual quality. Subjective and objective measures capable of identifying and quantifying various types of PEAs are critical in improving visual quality. In this paper, we investigate the influence of four spatial PEAs (i.e. blurring, blocking, bleeding, and ringing) and two temporal PEAs (i.e. flickering and floating) on video quality. For spatial artifacts, we propose a visual saliency model with a low computational cost and higher consistency with human visual perception. In terms of temporal artifacts, self-attention based TimeSFormer is improved to detect temporal artifacts. Based on the six types of PEAs, a quality metric called Saliency-Aware Spatio-Temporal Artifacts Measurement (SSTAM) is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art metrics. We believe that SSTAM will be beneficial for optimizing video coding techniques.

We propose a distributionally robust return-risk model for Markov decision processes (MDPs) under risk and reward ambiguity. The proposed model optimizes the weighted average of mean and percentile performances, and it covers the distributionally robust MDPs and the distributionally robust chance-constrained MDPs (both under reward ambiguity) as special cases. By considering that the unknown reward distribution lies in a Wasserstein ambiguity set, we derive the tractable reformulation for our model. In particular, we show that that the return-risk model can also account for risk from uncertain transition kernel when one only seeks deterministic policies, and that a distributionally robust MDP under the percentile criterion can be reformulated as its nominal counterpart at an adjusted risk level. A scalable first-order algorithm is designed to solve large-scale problems, and we demonstrate the advantages of our proposed model and algorithm through numerical experiments.

Witnessing the impressive achievements of pre-training techniques on large-scale data in the field of computer vision and natural language processing, we wonder whether this idea could be adapted in a grab-and-go spirit, and mitigate the sample inefficiency problem for visuomotor driving. Given the highly dynamic and variant nature of the input, the visuomotor driving task inherently lacks view and translation invariance, and the visual input contains massive irrelevant information for decision making, resulting in predominant pre-training approaches from general vision less suitable for the autonomous driving task. To this end, we propose PPGeo (Policy Pre-training via Geometric modeling), an intuitive and straightforward fully self-supervised framework curated for the policy pretraining in visuomotor driving. We aim at learning policy representations as a powerful abstraction by modeling 3D geometric scenes on large-scale unlabeled and uncalibrated YouTube driving videos. The proposed PPGeo is performed in two stages to support effective self-supervised training. In the first stage, the geometric modeling framework generates pose and depth predictions simultaneously, with two consecutive frames as input. In the second stage, the visual encoder learns driving policy representation by predicting the future ego-motion and optimizing with the photometric error based on current visual observation only. As such, the pre-trained visual encoder is equipped with rich driving policy related representations and thereby competent for multiple visuomotor driving tasks. Extensive experiments covering a wide span of challenging scenarios have demonstrated the superiority of our proposed approach, where improvements range from 2% to even over 100% with very limited data. Code and models will be available at https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/PPGeo.